Appendiceal diameter of ≥15 mm or fever >38°C were associated with higher likelihood of early antibiotic failure and need for surgery.

Intravenous or intraosseous calcium administration did not improve outcomes and might be harmful.

Patients were intubated successfully on the first attempt 80% of the time, regardless of approach.

The practice is even less common in patients with alcohol use disorder admitted to ICUs for other critical illnesses.

In this update, recommendations include using balanced crystalloid for resuscitation and steroids for persistent shock.