Whether cigarette smoking is associated with the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains uncertain; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on the prognosis of IgAN.We [...]

Diffusion-weighted (DW) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging are classical sequences of functional MR, but the exploration in non-transplanted kidney disease is limited.To analyze the characteristics of apparent [...]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered clinical condition in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In our resource-limited setting (RLS), the most common [...]

In nephrology, differential diagnosis or assessment of disease activity largely relies on the analysis of glomerular filtration rate, urinary sediment, proteinuria and tissue obtained through invasive kidney biopsies. However, currently [...]

The Western Australian Haemodialysis Vascular Access Classification instrument was developed to classify the cannulation complexity of the arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous graft as simple, challenging, or complex. Although the instrument [...]